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  • dark brown, sometimes + rows pale spots
    D: XI, adult - 2nd spine elongate
    juvenile - white spots + dark/yellow tail
    rear nostril vertically elongate, 2-5 times > front nostril
    gill rakers 8-9 + 15-17
  • grey-green
    D: XI, 2nd spine longest, much longer than 1st
    juvenile - no white spots
    front & rear nostrils ~ same size
    gill rakers 9-11 + 17-20
  • deep, compressed
    eye large, dark
    D: X, 10-11
    grey, LL dark
    teeth simple
    scales small, rough
  • red-brown, fins darker
    D: IX, 2nd-4th spines long
    juvenile - blue spots
  • brown-green
    D X, adult - 2nd & 3rd spines long, 2nd >3rd
    juv: green + pale spots & C dark/pale
    rear nostril larger, an inverted tear drop
    24-27 gill rakers
  • oblong, deep
    mottled brown
    D & A: large round soft lobes of = 2 extra "tails"