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  • head spines strong, multi-pointed
    no pit behind eyes
    ridge under eye 5-8 spines
    D XII
    scales rough
    preopercle: 1st spine longest
    pectoral: center point, + branched rays
    LL complete
  • head bones weak, translucent
    no pit behind eyes
    ridge under eye: spine I tiny
    pectoral 18-20
    scales smooth, tiny, not in rows
    LL in membranous groove
  • no pit behind eyes
    preopercle: spine I longest
    pectoral: bilobed, 21-24, top rays branch
    LL complete
    D XII
    scales rough