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  • head deep, profile straight
    snout < eye
    D: XI
    preoperculum angle: strong hidden spine points forwards
  • D XI
    preopercle angle - 3 spines point forward
    opercle - 3 strong spines
  • D: IX, deep notches between spines
  • body deep, very compressed
    forehead oblique
    D: XI, 18-20
    grey + dark spots
  • body robust, deepest at D origin
    D: X-XI, 13-18
    C round/straight
    A 7-9
  • large round lobes of D & A = 2 extra "tails"
    roof of mouth no teeth
    operculum without exposed spines
  • forehead oblique
    D: I-III
    spines - operculum 3, preoperculum 2-3
    A: no spines