Species: Ophioscion panamensis, Panama croaker

preopercle 8-9 small spines

LL 47-49
Ophioscion panamensis Schultz 1945
Panama croaker
Body oblong, robust, with humped back; head low and short, cavernous but firm to touch on top; snout slightly overhangs small, horizontal mouth; teeth on lower jaw simple, in bands; chin without barbel; snout with 8 pores; chin with 3 pairs of pores (inner pair minute, in a depression); gill rakers 6-7 + 11-14, short; preopercle with 8-9 small spines; top corner of gill opening notched; dorsal rays X + I, 19-21; pelvic fins with filamentous first ray; anal rays II, 6-7, 2nd spine stout and long; pectoral fin 22-23% SL; tail fin long, bluntly pointed; scales on body and all or most of head rough; soft dorsal and anal fins with 1-2 rows of scales along their bases and small scales on membranes for 3/4 distance from base; the lateral line extends to the center of the end of the tail fin; lateral line pores 47-49
Color (preserved fish) brown; fins blackish, with first spine of each white; filamentous pelvic rays white; lining of stomach cavity white.
Size: grows to 25 cm.
Inhabits brackish coastal waters on sandy mud bottoms, especially around beaches.
Depth: 1-20 m.
Known only from the around the Caribbean entrance to the Panama Canal.

High Resolution Map Download
- Salinity
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- Brackish
- Marine
- Inshore/Offshore
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- Inshore
- Inshore Only
- Water Column Position
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- Bottom
- Habitat
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- Sand & gravel
- Soft bottom only
- Mud
- Soft bottom (mud/sand/gravel/beach/estuary/mangrove/seagrass)
- Estuary
- Beach
- FishBase Habitat
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- Demersal
- Feeding Group
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- Carnivore
- Data
- Diet
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- Data
- Mobile benthic worms
- Mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs)
- Egg Type
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- Data
- Pelagic
- Pelagic larva
- Global Endemism
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- Greater Caribbean endemic
- West Atlantic Endemic
- All species.
- Regional Endemism
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- All species..
- Continent only
- GC endemic
- Caribbean endemic
- Continent
- Residency
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- Resident
- Climate Zone
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- Equatorial (0-10N, Costa Rica / Venezuela)
- IUCN Red List
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- Data deficient
- Listed
- CITES
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- Not listed
- Length Max
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- 25
- Depth Range Min
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- 1
- Depth Range Max
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- 20