Species: Bathytoshia centroura, Roughtail Stingray

Bathytoshia centroura (Mitchill, 1815)

Roughtail Stingray

Disc rhomboidal, about as wide as long, angular at front, outer and rear corners abruptly rounded or angular; length of snout less than distance between spiracles, snout angular, not protruding beyond front margin of disc; nostrils with a large fringed curtain between them and the mouth; floor of the mouth has fleshy papillae; teeth with low oval or angular crowns; tail long and slender, 2.4-2.6 times body length, ending in a point; tail base broad, depressed; 1 large, serrated, venomous spine on top of tail; no tail fin or dorsal fins, tail without dorsal keel behind the spine and with a ventral fleshy ridge, height of the ventral ridge ½ that of height of the tail above it; top of disc with a patch of denticles on tip of snout, large tubercles on centerline and central part of disc (plus 2 short side rows) and along top and sides & underside of tail.

Upper surface dark brown to olive; lower surface white to cream.

Lives on sandy bottoms.

Reaches 260 cm in disc width, 360 Kg.

Depth range: 0-274 m.

West-Atlantic; Massachusetts to Argentina, but with a big gap between the Bahamas and southern Brazil.