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  • snout not upturned
    gill rakers 14 - 17
    pectoral 14-17, fin < pelvic
    A III,6, 2nd spine curved back, ~reaches C base, > 3rd when erect
    scales: 79-92 laterals, LL to A origin 13-18, D2 to LL 9-16
  • snout not turned up
    D1 3rd spine ~ 4th
    pectoral 14-17, reaches tip pelvic
    A III, 6, 2nd spine thick, curved back, reaches past C base
    scales: 49-59 lateral, D2 to LL 6-9, LL to A origin 9-11
  • snout upturned
    gill rakers 19-23
    pectoral 13-15, << pelvic
    A III, 7, 2nd spine straight/slightly sigmoid + tip slightly curved forwards, < 3rd
    pelvic - dark tip
    scales: 61-72 laterals, LL to A origin 9-13, D2 to LL 11-14
  • snout not upturned
    D2 I, 9
    lower gill rakers 9-12
    pectoral 15-17, = / > pelvic
    A III, erect 2nd spine not > 3rd, not reaching C base
    scales: 73-80 laterals, LL to A origin 12-15, D2 to LL 10-13
  • large size, slender body
    mouth extends past eye
    D1 triangular, spine 3>> 4; D2 I, 10
    LL black
    tail often bicolored: top lobe yellow, bottom lobe dusky
    gill rakers 11-14
    pectoral 15-17, = / > pelvic
    A III, 6, spines short, straight, not reaching tip 1st A ray or C base
    scales: 67-78 laterals, LL to A origin 10-14