-
eye ~snout
head scaledoperculum: large spine
preoperculum: 1-2 small spinesbase gill arches: 2 tooth patchespelvic = 2 rays under preoperculum -
eye = / < snout
head scaledopercle - strong spine
preopercle - 2-3 spines at anglebase gill arches: 1 tooth patchpelvic = 1 filament under preopercle -
papillae cover snout; lips fringed
head scaledoperculum & preoperculum - no spines
3 gill rakerspelvic: 2 rays under preoperculum