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  • eye: small, oval, behind mouth
    2 large Ds
    under snout: 2 barbels
  • eyes & crests above them not high
    nostrils well behind snout tip
    mouth closer to eyes than snout tip
  • cylindrical, robust, with scattered large thorns
    fins short, blunt
    2 similar Ds, near C
    C very asymmetric
    pelvics large
    no A
  • crest over eye
    D2 < D1
    lip furrow - lower only