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  • body spiny
    D1 & 2 small, over large pelvics
    C very asymmetric
    5 gill slits
    no A
  • both Ds - grooved spine
    D1 =/> D2
    D1 origin over/behind pectoral base
    C v asymmetrical, notch under top lobe, base no keel
    top & bottom teeth dissimilar, top << bottom
    no A
  • head narrow, conical
    large spiracles
    Ds small, rounded, usually no spine, D1 < / = D2
    top teeth - narrow needles, bottom - broad blades
    no A
  • both Ds - grooved spine; D1 < D2
    D1 origin behind pectoral free rear tip
    C: asymmetric, top lobe notched; tail base no keel
    top teeth: 1 large + small side points
    no A
    belly - usually light organs
  • eye oval, behind mouth
    2 large Ds
    C notched above, v weak lower lobe
    2 barbels under snout
    mouth small, transverse, opens near front
    5 short gill slits
  • snout cónical, bulbous
    eye small
    heavy body, broad fins
    A ~ size of Ds
    C asymmetric, strong lower lobe
    teeth slender, curved
    5 gill slits
  • body high, triangular cross-section
    2 high, pointed, curved Ds with a spine
    mouth small, transverse, under eye
    no A