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head large, bony, with crests & spines
any snout projections - shortD IX-XI + 11-14pectoral: first 3 rays long, freebody scaled -
head large, bony, spiny
snout with 2 bony platesD VII-VIII + 17-20armor & spines cover bodyunder mouth - barbelspectoral - 2 long free rays + fin -
snout short, translucent, cónical
eye large, with fatty eyelid2 Ds, short bases, well separatedpectoral - 3-16 long free filaments under finLL to end C -
head large, spiny
horizontal bony ridge under eyeD VIII-XVIII (spines strong, venomous)spines: opercle 2, preopercle 3-5