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  • uniform black
    2Ds with strong spines, D2 & its spine larger
    tail base short
    Centroscyllium fabricii, Black dogfish shark
    top & bottom teeth similar, 3 points
    mouth arched, moderately long
    no A
    belly long
    pectoral does not reach D1
    dense denticles
  • D1 origin <1/3 interdorsal space behind pectoral axil
    D1 spine > D1 base
    denticles blunt, no points
    Etmopterus bigelowi, Blurred-smooth lanternshark
  • head flattened
    D1 origin over pectoral
    denticles sharp, in rows, skin very rough
    Etmopterus bullisi, Lined lanternshark
    abruptly black below
  • head conical
    snout conical, very short
    uniform black
    denticles pointed, not in rows
    Etmopterus carteri, Cylindrical lanternshark
  • head flattened, wide
    obscure dark marks below
    D1 well behind pectorals
    denticles pointed, not in rows
    under snout with denticles
    Etmopterus gracilispinis, Broadband lanternshark, Broadbanded lanternshark
    pectoral narrow, angular, + hairs mostly connected to fin web
  • head flattened
    white stripe between Ds
    D1 origin just behind pectoral free rear tip
    denticles pointed, not in rows
    Etmopterus hillianus, Blackbelly lanternshark, Caribbean lanternshark
    black marks lower body: prominent
    no black blotches under tail
  • no white stripe between Ds
    D1 origin over/behind pectoral tip
    denticles pointed, not in rows
    Etmopterus perryi, Dwarf lanternshark
    2 black blotches under tail
  • D1 origin >1/3 interdorsal space behind pectoral axil
    D1 spine < D1 base
    denticles blunt, no points
    Etmopterus pusillus, Smooth lanternshark
  • D1 spine over pectoral free rear tip
    denticles pointed, not in rows
    Etmopterus robinsi, West-indian lanternshark
    under snout with denticles
    black mark over pelvics in 2 parts
    lower black marks prominent
  • head flattened
    blackish, without dark marks
    D1 spine well behind pectorals
    denticles pointed, not in rows
    Etmopterus schultzi, Fringefin lanternshark
    under snout with denticles
    all fins heavily fringed with free hairs
  • moderately slender
    under snout: no denticles
    D1 origin over inner pectoral margin
    D2 twice D1
    fin edges not hairy
    denticles: low, robust, hooked, conical points, not in rows
    Etmopterus virens, Green lanternshark
    pectoral rounded