Craugastor raniformis Boulenger 1896
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
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Sections
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Links
- The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Intitute
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Common name
Robber Frog
Identification
AdultSpecies description based on Lynch and Myers (1983).
A larger frog with a rather pointed snout. Females are much larger than males (43.2 versus 74 mm). Lynch and Myers (1983) provide a series of photographs of male and females, as well as of variation among individuals collected from different localities. DorsalDorsal coloration is brown or orangey-brown, with some small darker spots or markings in the shape of a W on the upper portion of the back. Some individuals have a light middorsal stripe. The dorsal surface is mostly smooth, with very few warts. VentralVentral surface is usually solid white or a very light grey or sometimes mottled in the throat region and solid pale yellow on the belly. Concealed surfacesRear surfaces of thighs have a very small, dense dark brown and tan mottled pattern. EyeIris is gold. The lower portion of the iris is darker than the upper portion, and the two halves are separated by a brown or reddish line. ExtremitiesFeet are moderately webbed.
Life history
Metamorph juvenileThe eyes of juveniles are much lighter and more similar in coloration throughout than the eyes of adults (Lynch and Myers 1983). As specimens age, the lower half of the iris gradually darkens (Lynch and Myers 1983).
Ecology behavior and evolution
EcologyCraugastor raniformis is a leaf litter frog, but may move onto vegetation at night (Lynch and Myers 1983). CallA ha, ha, ha, ha (Lynch and Myers 1983).
Taxonomy and systematics
TaxonomyAuthorityBoulenger 1896 SynonymsHylodes raniformis, Eleutherodactylus raniformis
Habitat and distribution
HabitatLowland and premontane forest to 1500 m. | Countries Colombia, Panama | Map
Distrubution map (IUCN)
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Bibliography
Boulenger, GA. 1896. Descriptions of new batrachians collected by Mr. C. G. Underwood in Costa Rica. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6 18: 340-342.
Crawford, AJ and EN Smith. 2005. Cenozoic biogeography and evolution in direct-developing frogs of Central America (Leptodactylidae: Eleutherodactylus) as inferred from a phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35: 536-555.
Hedges, SB, WE Duellman and MP Heinicke. 2008. New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa 1737: 1-182.
Ibáñez, R, F SolÃs, C Jaramillo, and AS Rand. 2000. An overwiew of the herpetology of Panama. In: Johnson, JD, RG Webb, and OA Flores-Villela. Eds. Mesoamerican Herpetology: Systematics, Zoogeography and Conservation, pp. 159-170. The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas.
Lynch, JD and CW Myers. 1983. Frogs of the Fitzingeri group of Eleutherodactylus in eastern Panama and Chocoan South America (Leptodactylidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 175: 481-572.
Lynch, JD and SBÂ Arroyo. 2009. Risks to Colombian amphibian fauna from cultivation of coca (Erythroxylum coca): a geographical analysis. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part A 72(15-16): 974-985.
Lynch, JD and WE Duellman. 1997. Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in western Ecuador: Systematics, ecology, and biogeography. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Special Publication 23: 1-236.
Lynch, JD. 1993. The value of the M. depressor mandibulae in phylogenetic hypotheses for Eleutherodactylus and its allies (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae). Herpetologica 49(1): 32-41. |